Chapter 2 of the Assam Year Book 2023 delves into the rich tapestry of Assam’s biodiversity. Explore comprehensive biodiversity notes to learn about the ecological wonders of this vibrant region. Stay informed and connected with Assam Year Book 2023, your portal to Assam’s diverse world of flora and fauna.

• The Protected Area Network, which includes National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries, covers 3925 square kilometres, or about 5% of Assam’s total geographical area.
• It includes 7 national parks, 18 wildlife sanctuaries, 3 tiger reserves, 5 elephant reserves, 2 biosphere reserves, and 2 world heritage sites.

• Assam now has the third-most national parks after the 12 in Madhya Pradesh and the 9 in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• The world-famous Kaziranga National Park is home to the Big Five Mammals:
  • Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros
  • Asiatic Elephant
  • Asiatic Wild Water Buffalo
  • Eastern Swamp Deer and
  • the Royal Bengal Tiger

• The great Indian one-horned rhinoceros is currently being reintroduced in Manas as part of the ‘Indian Rhino Vision: 2020’ programme.

Indian Rhino Vision: 2020′ programme

In 2005, the Indian Rhino Vision 2020 was introduced. The IRV 2020 project concluded in April 2021. The primary goal of IRV 2020 was to achieve a population of 3000 wild rhinos in Assam distributed across seven protected areas (PAs) by 2020.The eighth round of rhino translocations under Rhino Vision 2020 concluded on April 13, 2021, with the transfer of two rhinos from Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary to Manas National Park in Assam. The translocated rhinos aided Manas National Park in regaining World Heritage Site status in 2011. The IRV2020 programme is thought to have met its goal of establishing a rhino population of 3,000 in Assam. However, the plan to spread the rhino population across four protected areas beyond Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Orang, and Kaziranga National Parks was unable to be accomplished.

• In 1973 and 1985, Manas and Nameri National Parks were designated as Tiger Reserves. Manas National Park has the highest number of endangered species.
• In Assam, 4273 vascular plant species have been identified. This accounts for approximately 25% of India’s total floristic wealth.
• Assam is home to 293 orchid species, accounting for nearly 25% of the orchid species found in India. In Assam, there are 38 species of naturally growing bamboo and 14 species of cane.
• Assam is home to nine of the 15 Indian primate species. The only ape found in India is the Hoolock Gibbon.
• Approximately 600 bird species have been recorded in the state till now, accounting for 53% of the bird species of the Indian subcontinent. Assam is home to 17 endemic bird species. In the Indian Red Data Book, 45 bird species from Assam are listed as endangered or critically endangered. Greater Adjutant, Lesser Adjutant, Bengal Florican, White Winged Wood Duck, Blyth’s Tragopan, Lesser White-fronted Goose, Marbled Teal, White Rumped Vulture, Long-billed Vulture, Beer’s Pochard, Pallas’ Sea Eagle, Greater Spotted Eagle, Green Peafowl, and others are among them.

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